Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41622347›Full record

ArticleJournal of biophotonics2026

Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance (TRF-DR) Spectroscopy for Heterogeneous Breast Tissue Classification and Tumor Margin Assessment.

Jigar Lad, Erica Dao, Gabriella Gohla, Peter Lovrics, Qiyin Fang, Thomas J Farrell, Michael J Farquharson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biophotonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jigar LadDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0895-7520
Erica DaoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Gabriella GohlaSt. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Peter LovricsSt. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Qiyin FangDepartment of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Thomas J FarrellFaculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Michael J FarquharsonSchool of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

Canada Foundation for InnovationNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Re-excision rates remain high for early-stage breast cancer patients due to challenges in margin delineation during surgery, such as poorly defined tumor boundaries. Our group has developed a time-resolved fluorescence and diffuse reflectance (TRF-DR) spectroscopy system to assess tumor boundaries where tissue composition is heterogeneous. This study assesses system feasibility for classifying tumor in heterogeneous regions using weighted logistic regression and principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 4818 measurements from 73 frozen patient ex vivo samples were evaluated. Tissue measurement areas (1 mm × 1 mm) were pathologist-assigned percentages of low (< 25%), medium (25%-< 75%), and high (≥ 75%) for tumor, fibroglandular, or adipose composition. The model trained with four principal components (PCs) achieved sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 68%, comparable to current clinical techniques while being fast, portable, and economical. The TRF-DR system with weighted logistic regression demonstrates potential as an intraoperative margin assessment tool.

Indexed as

BreastBreast NeoplasmsMargins of ExcisionFemaleHumansPrincipal Component AnalysisSpectrometry, FluorescenceTime Factorsbreast cancerbreast conserving surgerydiffuse reflectancefluorescencemachine learning classificationoptical spectroscopytissue heterogeneity

Identifiers

PMID41622347
PMCPMC12862050

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.