SynthesisEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2026
Underwater endoscopic ear surgery: A systematic review.
Synthesis in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the clinical indications, surgical techniques, audiological outcomes, operative efficiency, and safety of underwater endoscopic ear surgery (UWEES).
methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted through 14 May 2025 using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Keywords included "endoscopic ear surgery," "underwater ear surgery," and "endoscopic underwater ear surgery." Original English-language studies involving UWEES in human subjects (≥ 3 patients) were included. Studies using microscopes or conducted in animals were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, following PRISMA guidelines and using the NIH tool for risk of bias in case series. A qualitative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes.
resultsNine studies met inclusion criteria. UWEES was applied across five principal indications: canaloplasty, attic cholesteatoma, cholesteatoma involving the mastoid, labyrinthine fistula repair, and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCDS) plugging. Across all studies, sensorineural hearing was preserved, with significant improvements in air-bone gap closure. Operative time was reduced compared to traditional methods. UWEES was associated with low complication rates and effective resolution of vestibular symptoms in > 90% of cases.
conclusionsUWEES is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive technique offering enhanced surgical visualization, improved hearing outcomes, and better inner ear preservation. Further prospective, high-quality studies are needed to validate their long-term efficacy and establish standardized protocols.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.