ArticleScientific reports2026
Comparative antibacterial and anti-virulence effects of silver ions from electrolysis, silver nanoparticles, and silver nitrate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-phase silver nanoparticles from white tea: colloidal quality, mass-specific potency and bacterial envelope permeabilisation.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Optimization of electrode material and geometry to enhance TTFields-like anticancer effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The biological activity of silver-based antimicrobial agents is strongly influenced by the source and generation method of silver ions (Ag⁺); however, a direct comparison of their efficacy from different sources has not been previously reported. In this study, we systematically compared the antibacterial and anti-virulence effects of Ag⁺ derived from three sources: direct current (DC) electrolysis, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), and silver nitrate (AgNO₃), standardized to 400 ppm. Electrolyzed Ag⁺ exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect, reducing viable counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by 91.06% and 71.10%, respectively. It also caused substantial membrane disruption, reduced motility, and increased cellular leakage, as confirmed by SEM imaging, DNA and K⁺ ion leakage, and extracellular protein release. Furthermore, electrolyzed Ag⁺ most effectively suppressed key virulence factors, including biofilm formation, pigment production (pyocyanin, staphyloxanthin), and the activities of protease, esterase, and hemolysin. Despite identical Ag⁺ concentrations, the biological activity varied significantly with ion source, underscoring the importance of the delivery mechanism. These findings highlight the superior efficacy of electrolyzed Ag⁺ and support its potential application in clinical, environmental, and industrial antimicrobial strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.