ArticleBMC public health2026
Status and predictors of parental food literacy: an Egyptian insight to highlight gaps and challenges.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThere is growing consensus on the importance of food literacy (FL) in public health policies and interventions globally. This study assessed parental total FL status and detected gaps. Determinants contributing to FL adequacy were identified from the socio-demographic, nutrition, and health-related characteristics.
methodsA cross-sectional study on a diverse cohort of 1000 parents (718 mothers and 282 fathers) using a validated Short FL Questionnaire (SFLQ) was conducted to assess parental total FL status. SFLQ has three sections on functional (FFL; 6 indicators), interactive (IFL; 2 indicators), and critical (CFL; 4 indicators) FL. Parents were selected using multistage stratified random sampling from four governorates representing Egypt’s diverse geographic and socioeconomic contexts. BMI was calculated using self-reported height and weight. The chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression model were applied to predict parental food literacy.
resultsParticipants were 71.8% mothers and 28.2% fathers, with mean ages of 42.2 ± 6.3 and 47.5 ± 5.4 years, respectively. Overall, 58.6% of parents demonstrated adequate TFL, with mothers exhibiting insignificantly a higher adequacy proportion than fathers (60.0% vs. 55.0%, p = 0.15). Female parents consistently outperformed male parents across all FL dimensions. However, only 24.5% of parents achieved sufficient awareness levels for total FL, with the lowest proportion observed in the interactive FL domain (18.6%). More than 60% of parents identified indicators related to interactive FL as the most challenging. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified five significant predictors of adequate FL: regular mineral intake (AOR = 3.97; 95%CI: 2.49–6.33), university-level education or higher (AOR = 2.67; 95%CI: 1.82–3.91), overweight or obesity status (AOR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.19–2.21), age ≥ 40 years (AOR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.09–2.32), and higher household crowding index (AOR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.06–2.17).
conclusionThe study identified FL status and levels, detecting parental FL challenges in Egypt to be targeted. The study indicated the need for indicators related to IFL and some of FFL to be improved through media-based interventions. Motivating parents to improve their diet quality will help enhance FL to address malnutrition and food insecurity for a more sustainable future for the Egyptian population.
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