ArticleSleep health2026
Multiple dimensions of sleep in relation to cognition: A nationally representative study of Asian, Black, Latine, and White US adults aged 40 years and older.
Article in Sleep health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesSleep disturbances can impair cognition, and cognitive impairment can dysregulate sleep-wake cycles. Despite biological plausibility, disparities in the sleep-cognition relationship are understudied in nationally representative samples.
methodsUsing National Health Interview Survey data from 2011-2018, we investigated cross-sectional associations between sleep and cognition among adults aged ≥40 years overall and by age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Participants self-reported sleep duration (short [<7-hours], long [>9-hours]); insomnia symptoms (trouble falling asleep or staying asleep ≥3 times/week); and non-restorative sleep (waking feeling unrested ≥4 days/week). Cognitive impairment was defined as "not being able to/having a lot of difficulty remembering or concentrating" based on the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning. Adjusted Poisson regression with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals.
resultsAmong 73,477 adults (mean age ± standard error 58.3 ± 0.07 years), 31.8% reported short sleep, 4.1% long sleep, 35.7% insomnia symptoms, and 35.5% non-restorative sleep. Overall, 2.2% reported cognitive impairment. All sleep dimensions were associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (range: PR
conclusionsSleep disturbances were associated with cognitive impairment. Most associations were stronger among middle-aged adults, although future studies with objective measures are warranted.
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