Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41621890›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of veterinary medical science2026

Reductive dominance and limited cytochrome P450 activity in neonicotinoid metabolism by elephant liver microsomes.

Kanami Watanabe, Kraisiri Khidkhan, Aksorn Saengtienchai, Chaleamchat Somgrid, Patcharapa Towiboon, Taweepoke Angkawanish, Warangkhana Langkaphin, Kittikul Namwongprom, Narueporn Kittisirik, Yared B Yohannes and 3 more

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Article in The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kanami WatanabeLaboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Kraisiri KhidkhanDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Aksorn SaengtienchaiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chaleamchat SomgridFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Patcharapa TowiboonCenter of Elephant and Wildlife Health, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Taweepoke AngkawanishThai Elephant Conservation Center, National Elephant Institute, Forest Industry Organization, Lampang, Thailand.
Warangkhana LangkaphinThai Elephant Conservation Center, National Elephant Institute, Forest Industry Organization, Lampang, Thailand.
Kittikul NamwongpromThai Elephant Conservation Center, National Elephant Institute, Forest Industry Organization, Lampang, Thailand.
Narueporn KittisirikThai Elephant Conservation Center, National Elephant Institute, Forest Industry Organization, Lampang, Thailand.
Yared B YohannesLaboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Yoshinori IkenakaLaboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Shouta Mm NakayamaLaboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Mayumi IshizukaLaboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neonicotinoids (NNs) are commonly used insecticides; however, their biotransformation in wild mammals remains poorly understood. Asian elephants, which are declining in numbers, may be vulnerable to these chemicals. In this study, we examined the liver metabolism of four major NNs: acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin, using elephant liver microsomes. Metabolite profiling and targeted analysis were conducted with liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer, respectively. Results indicated that elephants mainly metabolize these NNs via reductive pathways, suggesting the involvement of nitroreductase-like enzymes. Conversely, cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation may be limited; however, the roles of other enzymatic or microbial systems cannot be ruled out. These findings provide insights into xenobiotic metabolism in elephants, helping evaluate their toxicological vulnerability and supporting conservation efforts and risk assessments.

Indexed as

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemElephantsInsecticidesMicrosomes, LiverNeonicotinoidsAnimalsGuanidinesNitro CompoundsThiamethoxamThiazolesacetamipridclothianidinCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemGuanidinesimidaclopridInsecticidesNeonicotinoidsNitro CompoundsThiamethoxamThiazolescytochrome P450elephantmetabolismmetaboliteneonicotinoid

Identifiers

PMID41621890
PMCPMC13062575

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.