Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41621470›Full record

ArticleContemporary clinical trials2026

The Clinical Trial Referral Ambassadors program to promote clinical trial referrals within rural community hospitals: A formative program evaluation study.

Deborah Carey, Cheri Tolle, John Kim, Timothy Mullett, Aurora Occa, Anne E Ray, Jerod L Stapleton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Contemporary clinical trials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Deborah CareyUniversity of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network, 2195 Harrodsburg Road, Lexington, KY 40504, United States of America.
Cheri TolleUniversity of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network, 2195 Harrodsburg Road, Lexington, KY 40504, United States of America. Electronic address: cheri.tolle@uky.edu.
John KimUniversity of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network, 2195 Harrodsburg Road, Lexington, KY 40504, United States of America.
Timothy MullettUniversity of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network, 2195 Harrodsburg Road, Lexington, KY 40504, United States of America; University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America. Electronic address: timothy.mullett@uky.edu.
Aurora OccaUniversity of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; University of Kentucky, College of Communication and Information, 110 Pence Hall, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America. Electronic address: aurora.occa@uky.edu.
Anne E RayUniversity of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; University of Kentucky, College of Public Health. 111 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America. Electronic address: anne.ray@uky.edu.
Jerod L StapletonUniversity of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; University of Kentucky, College of Public Health. 111 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America. Electronic address: jerod.stapleton@uky.edu.

Funding

University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center Support Grant ECIA SupplementP30CA177558 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI KATHLEEN L. O'CONNOR · 2013 to 2026
$38.3M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA177558
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCommunity hospitals often lack research infrastructure, leading to fewer research opportunities for patients and low trial accrual rates. In practice, community hospitals can develop partnerships with academic facilities to refer patients for research opportunities but there is a dearth of research related to facilitating such referrals. We developed and implemented the Clinical Trial Referral Ambassadors (CTRA) training program to support trial referral efforts by nurses and clinic staff at community hospitals. This report describes CTRA and results from a formative evaluation.

methodsCTRA was designed to create clinical research referral "Ambassadors" among nurses and research staff at community hospitals who can speak confidently to physicians and patients about the referral process and assist in facilitating referral activities. CTRA is grounded in best practices for community oncology training programs and includes didactic and interactive sessions, communication skills building, and self-assessment/discussions. The program evaluation included a post-training survey to assess acceptability and preliminary outcomes.

resultsOf the 25 individuals enrolled in CTRA, 13 (52%) attended all training sessions and 9 (36%) engaged in at least one session. Training acceptability ratings (evaluation survey n = 16) were favorable and participants reported high levels of confidence in their ability to refer patients, understanding of trials, and motivation to increase referrals after CTRA.

conclusionPreliminary evidence suggests the CTRA is acceptable and increased participants' knowledge, motivation, and skills for referring patients to clinical research. Future directions include identifying strategies to bolster CTRA participation and testing the impact of CTRA on trial referral rates.

Indexed as

Clinical Trials as TopicHospitals, CommunityHospitals, RuralReferral and ConsultationFemaleHumansMaleProgram EvaluationClinical researchClinical trial referralClinical trialsCommunity oncologyOncology

Identifiers

PMID41621470
PMCPMC13202707

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.