Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41620887›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine2026

Longitudinal changes in hamstring muscle morphology in adolescent competitive alpine skiers are sex-specific: a 4-year cohort study.

Daniel P Fitze, Jonas Hanimann, Martino V Franchi, Stefan Fröhlich, Johannes Scherr, Jess G Snedeker, Reto Sutter, Jörg Spörri

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Daniel P FitzeSports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5807-2889
Jonas HanimannSports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0008-7452-7848
Martino V FranchiSports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3165-4536
Stefan FröhlichSports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7187-2074
Johannes ScherrSports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9948-1024
Jess G SnedekerBiomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8115-0275
Reto SutterDepartment of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6355-9838
Jörg SpörriSports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0353-1021

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in hamstring architecture and size over a 4-year period, explore sex-specific differences, and examine associations with biological maturation in adolescent competitive alpine skiers. MATERIALS AND

methods59 competitive alpine skiers (27 females, 32 males; baseline age: 14.9 ± 0.7 years) competing at regional to national level were examined at baseline and follow-up. BMI was calculated and biological maturation estimated using the sex-specific Mirwald equation. Ultrasound imaging assessed biceps femoris long head architecture and maximal anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA

resultsMixed ANOVA revealed significant main and interaction effects for hamstring muscle size, but not for architecture. Post hoc analyses showed that hamstring muscle size increased in both sexes (all

conclusionsThis study provides new insights into hamstring development in adolescent alpine skiers and highlights the role of biological maturation. Hamstring size increased, with greater hypertrophy in males. The smaller semitendinosus size in ACL-injured females may be relevant for injury prevention.

Indexed as

Hamstring MusclesSkiingAdolescentAnterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleRetrospective StudiesSex FactorsUltrasonographyAthletesbiological maturationinjury preventionmuscle architecturemuscle size

Identifiers

PMID41620887
PMCPMC12862848

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.