Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41620520›Full record

Reviewnpj biodiversity2026

The timing and nature of marine ecosystem recovery following the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.

Annabel L Nicholls, Paul B Wignall, Haijun Song, Jack O Shaw, Andrew P Beckerman, Alexander M Dunhill

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in npj biodiversity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Annabel L NichollsSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK.
Paul B WignallSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK.
Haijun SongState Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Environmental Changes, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
Jack O ShawMuseum of Natural History, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Andrew P BeckermanSchool of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
Alexander M DunhillSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK. a.dunhill@leeds.ac.uk.

Funding

Natural Environment Research Council NE/X012859/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME; c. 252 million years ago) was the most devastating extinction event of the Phanerozoic, resulting in up to 90% of marine animal species becoming extinct and profound ecological changes from Palaeozoic to Mesozoic faunas. The eruption of the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province caused a cascade of environmental effects such as extreme warming, ocean anoxia and acidification which collapsed Permian ecosystems and delayed recovery in the Early Triassic. However, uncertainty remains regarding the temporal dynamics and nature of ecological recovery following the PTME. Models attribute a slow stepwise recovery within marine communities, from primary producers to top predators, reattaining pre-extinction levels of ecological complexity by the Middle Triassic. However, global empirical data indicates the rapid recovery of multiple trophic levels albeit in the form of top-heavy, unstable Early Triassic ecosystems. Further research promises exciting opportunities to apply community ecology models to ever improving databases of fossil ecosystems spanning multiple palaeolatitudes to test fundamental questions regarding the nature and timing of recovery and whether it really was "recovery" back to pre-extinction states; or "restructuring" to new baselines of ecosystem complexity more reflective of modern marine ecosystems.

Identifiers

PMID41620520
PMCPMC12860686

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.