Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41620479›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Effect of low-temperature intracanal sodium hypochlorite on root surface temperature reduction and organic tissue dissolution: an in vitro study.

Marcos Felipe Iparraguirre Nuñovero, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto, Vânia Portela Ditzel Westphalen, Pedro Cesar Gomes Titato, Bruno Cavalini Cavenago, Everdan Carneiro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marcos Felipe Iparraguirre NuñoveroSchool of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Marco Antonio Hungaro DuarteDepartment of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 975, São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.
Ulisses Xavier da Silva NetoSchool of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Vânia Portela Ditzel WestphalenSchool of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Pedro Cesar Gomes TitatoDepartment of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 975, São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.
Bruno Cavalini CavenagoDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner 632, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Everdan CarneiroSchool of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. everdan.carneiro@pucpr.br.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brasilia, Brazil) 1610162020-0
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-temperature intracanal sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation on root surface temperature reduction and its ability to dissolve organic tissue.

methodsExtracted mandibular premolars were accessed and instrumented. Final irrigation protocols with NaOCl, at two different temperatures: room temperature (control) and 2.5 °C (experimental), were applied. Initial and the lowest root surface temperatures were recorded using a digital thermometer. Organic tissue dissolution was assessed using glass capillaries, filled with catgut, attached to 3D-printed maxillary incisors exposed to the same irrigation protocols. Data was statistically analyzed.

resultsLow-temperature NaOCl irrigation led to a significantly greater reduction in root surface temperature compared to room temperature NaOCl (p < 0.05). Both irrigation protocols showed similar organic tissue dissolution, with no significant difference between them (p > 0.05).

conclusionIntracanal irrigation with low-temperature NaOCl effectively reduced root surface temperature while maintaining its organic tissue dissolution capacity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of cold sodium hypochlorite represents a simple and effective intracanal cryotherapy approach that may help to minimize postoperative inflammation while preserving the chemical efficacy of the irrigation during endodontic treatment.

Indexed as

Root Canal IrrigantsSodium HypochloriteTooth RootBicuspidCold TemperatureHumansTemperatureRoot Canal IrrigantsSodium HypochloriteCryotherapyEndodonticsSodium hypochloriteTemperatureTissue dissolution

Identifiers

PMID41620479
PMCPMC12916766

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.