Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41620473›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Molecular signatures of resilience to Alzheimer's disease in neocortical layer 4 neurons.

S Akila Parvathy Dharshini, Jorge Sanz-Ros, Jie Pan, Weijing Tang, Kristen Vallejo, Yu Chen Liu, Marcos Otero-Garcia, Inma Cobos

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

S Akila Parvathy DharshiniDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jorge Sanz-RosDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6598-056X
Jie PanDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1973-8019
Weijing TangDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kristen VallejoDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-1418-7931
Yu Chen LiuDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Marcos Otero-GarciaDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Inma CobosDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. icobos@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2043-1890

Funding

Stanford Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterAdmin Supp: Developing iPSC models for AD and PDP30AG066515 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ELIZABETH MORMINO · 2020 to 2026
$29.0M
Multidimensional mapping of vulnerable cell types in humanized Alzheimer's disease mouse modelsR01AG082147 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Inma Cobos, Jorge J Palop · 2023 to 2026
$9.3M
Resolving selective vulnerability and disease progression in human Alzheimer's brain via single-cell RNA-seqR01AG059848 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI COBOS, INMA · 2018 to 2022
$2.0M
Alzheimer's Association AARG-17-528298BrightFocus Foundation (BrightFocus) A20173465NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059848NIA NIH HHS R01 AG082147U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) P30AG066515U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) R01AG059848U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) R01AG082147
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Selective neuronal vulnerability is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the molecular basis of resilience remains poorly understood. Using single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics to compare neocortical regions affected early (prefrontal cortex, precuneus) or late (primary visual cortex) in AD, we identified a resilient excitatory population in layer 4 of the primary visual cortex expressing RORB, CUX2, and EYA4. Layer 4 neurons in association neocortex shared molecular signatures of resilience. Early-stage resilient neurons upregulated genes associated with synapse maintenance, synaptic plasticity, calcium homeostasis, and neuroprotection (GRIN2A, RORA, NRXN1, NLGN1, NCAM2, FGF14, NRG3, NEGR1, CSMD1). We identified KCNIP4, which encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel-interacting protein, as a key resilience factor consistently upregulated during early stages of AD pathology. AAV-mediated overexpression of Kcnip4 in male App

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseKv Channel-Interacting ProteinsNeocortexNeuronsAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalHumansMaleMiceMice, TransgenicNeuronal PlasticityPrimary Visual CortexKv Channel-Interacting Proteins

Identifiers

PMID41620473
PMCPMC12963381

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.