ArticleCell host & microbe2026
Chemical inhibition of a bacterial immune system.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Strain-level molecular and infection traits are associated with differences in phage efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Chemical inhibition of a CBASS anti-bacteriophage defense.iScience · 2026Article
- Balancing of immune activation and suppression during phage infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chemical inactivation of a bacterial immune system de-domesticates a temperate phage and promotes its spread.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Discovery of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Pycsar Antiphage Defense.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Chemical suppression of a bacterial immune system revives repressed phages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Emerging microbiome-directed therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: beyond diet modification and FMT.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
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21 authors.
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Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance motivates a revived interest in phage therapy. However, bacteria possess dozens of anti-phage immune systems that confer resistance to therapeutic phages. Chemical inhibitors of these anti-phage immune systems could be employed as adjuvants to overcome resistance in phage-based therapies. Here, we report a class of chemical inhibitors that selectively inhibit type II Thoeris anti-phage immune systems from diverse bacteria-including antibiotic-resistant pathogens, thereby sensitizing phage-resistant bacteria to phages. These inhibitors block the biosynthesis of a histidine-ADPR intracellular "alarm" signal by ThsB, thereby preventing ThsA from arresting phage replication. Chemical inhibition of the Thoeris defense improves the efficacy of a model phage therapy against a phage-resistant clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa in a mouse infection, suggesting a therapeutic potential. These findings demonstrate that the selective inhibition of anti-phage defense systems can improve the efficacy of therapeutic phages, suggesting a strategy to circumvent phage-therapy resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.