Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41619729›Full record

ArticleImmunity2026

Stepwise epigenetic signal integration drives adaptive programming of cytotoxic lymphocytes.

Simon Grassmann, Endi K Santosa, Hyunu Kim, Isabelle B Johnson, Adriana M Mujal, Jean-Benoit LeLuduec, Sherry X Fan, Mark Owyong, Adrian Straub, Liang Deng and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Simon GrassmannImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: grassmas@mskcc.org.
Endi K SantosaImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Hyunu KimImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Isabelle B JohnsonImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Adriana M MujalImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Jean-Benoit LeLuduecHuman Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Sherry X FanImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Mark OwyongImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Adrian StraubInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
Liang DengHuman Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Katharine C HsuImmuno-Oncology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Dirk H BuschInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Colleen M LauDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Joseph C SunImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: sunj@mskcc.org.

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI SELWYN M VICKERS · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
The natural killer cell response against mouse cytomegalovirus infectionR01AI100874 · NIAID · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI Joseph Chai-Yuen Sun · 2012 to 2026
$7.4M
Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering MST ProgramT32GM152349 · NIGMS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI KATHARINE C HSU · 2024 to 2026
$6.6M
Transcriptional control of NK cell metabolismR01AI155558 · NIAID · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI Joseph Chai-Yuen Sun · 2021 to 2026
$4.7M
Chromatin architecture regulating trained immunity in antiviral NK cellsR01AI189793 · NIAID · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI SUN, JOSEPH CHAI-YUEN · 2025 to 2025
$3.5M
Regulation of Nfil3 in innate lymphocyte-mediated host immunityR01AI130043 · NIAID · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI SUN, JOSEPH CHAI-YUEN · 2017 to 2021
$2.8M
Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Research Training ProgramT32AI134632 · NIAID · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI EHRT, SABINE, LI, MING · 2019 to 2023
$747k
Investigating the molecular basis of context-dependent STAT3 function in NK cellsK99AI180360 · NIAID · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI GRASSMANN, SIMON · 2024 to 2025
$229k
Role of Frizzled 5 in NK cell development and antiviral host immunityF31AI178958 · NIAID · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI Mark Owyong · 2023 to 2026
$147k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI178958NIAID NIH HHS K99 AI180360NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI100874NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130043NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI155558NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI189793NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI134632NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM152349
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lymphocyte differentiation during infection depends on the integration of antigen and cytokine signals, yet how the timing and sequence of these cues program cell fate remains unclear. We found that interleukin-12 (IL-12) plays a context-dependent role in immune memory formation. Without prior antigen-receptor signaling, IL-12 drove cytotoxic lymphocytes toward terminal effector differentiation. In contrast, antigen signaling redirected IL-12-STAT4 activity through cooperation with AP-1 transcription factors to promote memory formation. This stepwise signal integration enabled lymphocytes to acquire memory rather than effector fates. Whereas CD8

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicAnimalsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell DifferentiationImmunologic MemoryInterleukin-12Killer Cells, NaturalLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, Inbred C57BLReceptors, Interleukin-12Signal TransductionSTAT4 Transcription FactorTranscription Factor AP-1Interleukin-12Receptors, Interleukin-12Stat4 protein, mouseSTAT4 Transcription FactorTranscription Factor AP-1AP-1 factorscell fatecytokinesdifferentiationepigeneticsinfectioninflammationlymphocytesSTAT factors

Identifiers

PMID41619729
PMCPMC13523785

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.