Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41619351›Full record

SynthesisEBioMedicine2026

A systematic review to guide measles exposure periods for contact tracing.

Haley F Wellham, Sarah Gillani, Fatima Nkempu Ameaka, Elizabeth A Campbell, Eric S Toner, Sanjana Ravi, Sutyajeet Soneja, Caitlin M Rivers

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in EBioMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Haley F WellhamJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation, Baltimore, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, Baltimore, United States of America. Electronic address: Hfarrie1@jh.edu.
Sarah GillaniJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation, Baltimore, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, Baltimore, United States of America.
Fatima Nkempu AmeakaJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation, Baltimore, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, Baltimore, United States of America.
Elizabeth A CampbellJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation, Baltimore, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, Baltimore, United States of America.
Eric S TonerJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation, Baltimore, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, Baltimore, United States of America.
Sanjana RaviJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation, Baltimore, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, Baltimore, United States of America.
Sutyajeet SonejaJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation, Baltimore, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, Baltimore, United States of America.
Caitlin M RiversJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Outbreak Response Innovation, Baltimore, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, Baltimore, United States of America.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis systematic review examined the duration of measles virus airborne transmissibility after a source case is no longer present to identify evidence gaps in measles contact tracing exposure window guidelines.

methodsA systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases for publications from January 1988 to July 2024. Additional sources were identified through reference list reviews and Google Scholar searches. Studies examining how long the measles virus survives in the air or remains transmissible after an infectious case leaves a public space were included, while editorials, opinion pieces, non-evidence-based recommendations, mathematical models, and publications unrelated to airborne transmission of measles in public environments or not available in English were excluded. Researchers extracted summary data.

findingsInitial database searches identified 1054 studies, with none meeting initial inclusion criteria after screening. Supplemental searches identified five relevant articles (1964-1987). Two experimental studies and three real-world studies demonstrated measles virus survival between 29 and 120 min, with increasing survival time for lower humidity levels.

interpretationCurrent guidelines for measles contact tracing exposure windows rely on limited research from 1964 to 1987. Additional studies are urgently needed to understand how long the virus is transmissible in real-world settings, particularly given the implications for contact tracing efficiency and resource allocation during outbreak responses.

fundingU.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (Cooperative Agreement #NU38FT000004).

Indexed as

Contact TracingInhalation ExposureMeaslesMeasles virusDisease OutbreaksEvidence GapsHealth Care RationingHumansPractice Guidelines as TopicTime FactorsContact tracingExposureExposure periodMeaslesRubeolaTransmission

Identifiers

PMID41619351
PMCPMC12876303

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.