Trial reportInternational ophthalmology2026
Safety and efficacy of various topical anesthesia for intravitreal injection: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evaluating the effectiveness of different topical anesthetic methods in reducing pain during intravitreal injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to determine the efficacy of various types of topical anesthesia prior intravitreal injection in an effort to lessen adverse effects such as pain and subconjunctival bleeding.
methodsThis randomized controlled study included 239 patients. All patients were randomly assigned to either receive: (1) Lidocaine gel 3% (Anaesthetic BL 3% gel), (2) Lidocaine gel 10% (Anaesthetic BL 10% gel), (3) Oxybuprocaine 0.4% eye drops (Localin), (4) Tetracaine HCl 1%, eye drops (Tetracaine) (5) A combined Oxybuprocaine 0.4% eye drops (Localin) and an ice patch. Patients' discomfort, itching, burning and pain (using Visual Analog Scale), and bleeding size (using images) were measured one and ten minutes post-injection. Tolerability was calculated by averaging patients' pain, discomfort, itching, and burning scores.
resultsIn the one- and ten-minute post-injection analyses, the groups receiving Tetracaine (0.60 ± 0.63, 0.50 ± 0.61) and the combined Oxybuprocaine and ice patch anesthesia (0.55 ± 0.66, 0.38 ± 0.58) had the lowest mean tolerability scores. In most parameters (discomfort burning, and pain scores) the Tetracaine and the combined Oxybuprocaine and ice patch anesthesia demonstrated the lowest mean scores. All subjective criteria assessed by the surgeon immediately following the injection were not found to be significantly different at any group, such as movements during injection (p = 0.19), complaints during injection (p = 0.56), complaints following injection (p = 0.21). Bleeding size (area or circumference) was not statistical different between groups.
conclusionThis study demonstrated a considerable reduction in pain and overall tolerability with Tetracaine or a combination of ice patch and Oxybuprocaine anesthesia. These findings may lessen patients' discomfort and improve their tolerance.
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Registered trials
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