ReviewMolecular neurobiology2026
Gulf War Illness: Neurological Impacts, Pathophysiological Insights, and Therapeutic Prospects.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Approach to Restore Veteran Vitality: A Feasibility Pilot.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi-system condition affecting a substantial proportion of veterans deployed during the 1990-1991 Gulf War. Neurological complications, including cognitive impairment, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression, and migraine, represent a major clinical burden. Evidence implicates neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic dysregulation as central mechanisms, with emerging data suggesting early tauopathy and sex-specific immune responses. Neuroimaging studies reveal hippocampal atrophy, white matter disruptions, and increased translocator protein (TSPO) binding, while biomarker analyses identify elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, and matrix metalloproteinases. Genetic factors, such as HLA alleles, may modulate susceptibility. Animal models corroborate these findings, demonstrating hippocampal dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalance, and neuroimmune activation following exposure to Gulf War-related chemicals. Therapeutic evidence supports cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exercise, and mindfulness-based interventions, with ongoing trials exploring vagus nerve stimulation, anti-inflammatory agents, and mitochondrial-targeted therapies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on GWI-related neurological dysfunction, highlights diagnostic and therapeutic advances, and underscores the need for biomarker-driven, sex-specific, and personalized approaches to improve outcomes for affected veterans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41619056What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.