Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41619039›Full record

ReviewCurrent atherosclerosis reports2026

Gut Microbiota and Stroke: New Insights into the Gut-Brain-Vascular Axis.

Mirela Hendel, Martyna Gut-Misiaga, Aleksandra Gil, Hanna Kwiendacz, Benjamin Y Q Tan, Joanne L Fothergill, Janusz Gumprecht, Gregory Y H Lip, Katarzyna Nabrdalik

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current atherosclerosis reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mirela HendelStudent's Scientific Association at the Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
Martyna Gut-MisiagaStudent's Scientific Association at the Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
Aleksandra GilStudent's Scientific Association at the Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
Hanna KwiendaczDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. hkwiendacz@sum.edu.pl.
Benjamin Y Q TanDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University Hospital, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Joanne L FothergillDepartment of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Janusz GumprechtDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Gregory Y H LipLiverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool and Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-1626
Katarzyna NabrdalikDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewRecent advances have underscored the importance of interactions between the gut microbiota, vascular system and brain in stroke pathogenesis. This review introduces the conceptual framework of the gut-brain-vascular axis and summarizes evidence on how microbiota affects neurovascular integrity and stroke outcomes via intricate immunological, metabolic and endothelial mechanisms. RECENT

findingsRecent clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that specific profiles of gut microbiota are associated with stroke severity and clinical outcomes. Dysfunction of the gut barrier integrity and the translocation of endotoxins can induce low-grade systemic inflammation, which is a common mechanism underlying both cerebrovascular events and atherogenesis. Furthermore, microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) have been shown to modulate endothelial function, platelet hyperactivation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Advances in BBB modelling reveal how microbial signals contribute to neurovascular dysfunction. Glycocalyx disruption, marked by elevated syndecan-1 (SDC1), reflects endothelial injury and could be used as a stroke biomarker. Furthermore, altered tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway is a contributing factor to neuroinflammation, thereby establishing a link between gut dysbiosis and cerebrovascular pathology. Emerging evidence on the gut-brain-vascular axis indicates that preventing dysbiosis may reduce stroke risk, while post-stroke modulation of the microbiota could enhance recovery. The gut-brain-vascular axis provides a novel and integrative model linking gut microbiota disfunction to neurovascular and atherosclerotic disease. Understanding these interconnected pathways may inform future approaches to risk stratification and cerebrovascular disease prevention and treatment.

Indexed as

Blood-Brain BarrierBrainDysbiosisGastrointestinal MicrobiomeStrokeAnimalsHumansIntestinal Barrier FunctionDysbiosisGut–Brain–Vascular axisGut microbiotaIschemic strokeMicrobial metabolites

Identifiers

PMID41619039

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.