ReviewPediatric radiology2026
Atypical and less-common imaging presentations of chronic nonbacterial osteitis in children: a pictorial review.
Review in Pediatric radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Chronic nonbacterial osteitis (CNO), including its multifocal form, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), is an autoinflammatory sterile bone disorder with protean imaging features across the appendicular and axial skeletons in children and adolescents. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-particularly whole-body MRI (WBMRI)-is pivotal for diagnostic imaging, mapping total inflammatory burden, demonstrating multifocality, and monitoring treatment response. Radiographs are frequently normal early in the disease. Beyond the classic metaphyseal pattern, we demonstrate atypical presentations that often mimic other conditions, such as infection or malignancy: progressive collapsing vertebral disease with vertebra plana, hip arthritis due to involvement of intra-articular metaphyseal equivalents, myositis not related to areas of active osteitis, extensive periosteal new bone in long bones, pseudotumoral lesions of flat bones, and craniofacial involvement. This pictorial review provides a structured diagnostic approach to prompt consideration of CNO, facilitate differentiation from bacterial osteomyelitis and bone tumors in the differential diagnosis, and support early, targeted anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.