ArticleGeobiology
Phytochemical Screening of 45-Million-Year-Old Colored Angiosperm Leaves Reveals Distinctive Chlorophyll-Derived and Polyphenolic Pigments.
Article in Geobiology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Present-day angiosperm plants produce a plethora of metabolites including pigments that serve for important functions such as photosynthesis, protection against light, attraction of pollinators, and defense against microbes and herbivores. However, little is known about phytochemical constituents of ancient angiosperms, their distribution in the fossil record, their stability in deep time, and diagenesis. Outstanding preservation of ancient angiosperms, including exceptional color preservation, has been reported, but chemical analyses of such valuable specimens are limited by the rarity of the fossil material and the small amounts of potentially preserved metabolites. Here we use highly sensitive targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode to screen for nanogram quantities of intact ancient phytochemical metabolites and their products in exceptionally well-preserved, about 45-Ma-old leaves from the Eocene Geiseltal fossil Lagerstätte, Germany. We show that diverse chlorophyll derivatives and degradation products as well as polyphenolic pigments are preserved in green to yellow colored angiosperm leaves and the brown coal matrix from Geiseltal. Most interesting is the fossil occurrence of the "unstable" green chlorophyll derivative dihydro-13
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