Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41618934›Full record

GuidelineClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2026

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for Thiopurine Dosing Based on TPMT and NUDT15 Genotypes: 2025 Update.

Maud Maillard, Matthias Schwab, Michelle Whirl-Carrillo, Ann M Moyer, Guilherme Suarez-Kurtz, Ching-Hon Pui, C Michael Stein, Teri E Klein, Claire Spahn, Sooyeon Kwon and 9 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readPractice Guideline
In one paragraph

Guideline in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  6. Review
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  8. Review
  9. Distribution ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Maud MaillardDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6615-3136
Matthias SchwabDr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9984-075X
Michelle Whirl-CarrilloDepartment of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2414-9312
Ann M MoyerMayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2590-7218
Guilherme Suarez-KurtzInstituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Brazilian Pharmacogenomics Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-1115-8319
Ching-Hon PuiDepartment of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
C Michael SteinDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Teri E KleinDepartment of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5527-6475
Claire SpahnDepartment of Pharmacy, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-6426-022X
Sooyeon KwonSamuel S. Stratton Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA.
Juanda Leo HartonoDivision of Gastroenterology, National University Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.
Nanne K de BoerDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands.
Tariq AhmadRoyal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
Federico Guillermo Antillon-KlussmannNational Pediatric Oncology Unit, School of Medicine, Francisco Marroquin University, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Kelly E CaudleDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5663-3793
Motohiro KatoDepartment of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5145-1774
Allen E J YeohDepartment of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.
Kjeld SchmiegelowDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jun J YangDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) are key enzymes that catabolize thiopurines. Decreased or no-function alleles in TPMT and NUDT15 are associated with reduced or no enzyme activity and predictive of pronounced adverse effects, including severe myelosuppression, that may occur among individuals treated with standard doses of thiopurines. Genetic variants in these genes are present in all world populations; however, their frequency varies by ancestry. In this updated guideline, we provide recommendations for adjusting starting doses of mercaptopurine, thioguanine, and azathioprine based on TPMT and NUDT15 genotypes, including for individuals with variants in both genes (updates on www.clinpgx.org).

Indexed as

AzathioprineMercaptopurineMethyltransferasesPharmacogeneticsPyrophosphatasesThioguanineGenotypeHumansNudix HydrolasesAzathioprineMercaptopurineMethyltransferasesNudix HydrolasesNUDT15 protein, humanPyrophosphatasesThioguaninethiopurine methyltransferaseTPMT protein, human

Identifiers

PMID41618934
PMCPMC12997511

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.