ArticleThe New phytologist2026
MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE9 fine-tunes hypoxia signaling by phosphorylating ERF-VII transcription factors in Arabidopsis.
Article in The New phytologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of the ERF-VII gene family in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and functional characterization of CsRAP2.2 in response to cold stress.Plant cell reports · 2026Article
- The SnRK1-RAP2.4h-PIP2 module contributes to the trade-off between growth and hypoxia tolerance in plants.Nature communications · 2026Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
In plants, hypoxia sensing is controlled by the stabilization of group VII ethylene response factors (ERF-VIIs), which are post-translationally activated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK3 and MPK6. However, how plants fine-tune the MPK3/MPK6-mediated phosphorylation of ERF-VIIs to maintain cellular homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana TDY-type MAPK MPK9 is rapidly activated under hypoxia and submergence conditions. MPK9 knockout mutants show enhanced tolerance to hypoxia, whereas transgenic lines overexpressing MPK9 display decreased tolerance to hypoxia. MPK9 interacts with and phosphorylates ERF-VII RELATED TO APETALA2.12 (RAP2.12) at its Thr-86, Ser-87, Thr-88, Ser-210, Thr-280, and Thr-313 residues, which suppresses RAP2.12 accumulation in response to hypoxia. Consistent with this finding, overexpressing MPK9 significantly attenuated the hypoxia-tolerant phenotypes of RAP2.12 overexpressors. Compared with the hypoxia-triggered nucleus-localized MPK6-GFP, MPK9-GFP constitutively localized to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic MPK9 likely functions in hypoxia signaling by phosphorylating RAP2.12 to fine-tune its stability during hypoxia stress. Taken together with the finding that the MPK3/MPK6-ERF-VII module activates hypoxia signaling, our observations demonstrate that MPK9 provides a braking mechanism that tempers hypoxia responses, which may play a central role in protecting plants from hypoxic stress.
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