Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41618452›Full record

ArticleBiology of sex differences2026

Rats exposed to a low resource environment in early life display sex differences in blood pressure, autonomic activity, and brain and kidney pro-inflammatory markers during adulthood.

Jonna Smith, Savanna Smith, Kylie Jones, Angie Castillo, Jessica L Bolton, Ahfiya Howard, Luis Colon-Perez, Faith Femi-Ogunyemi, Allison Burkes, Mark Cunningham

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Article in Biology of sex differences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jonna SmithDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Savanna SmithDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Kylie JonesDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Angie CastilloDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Jessica L BoltonNeuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Ahfiya HowardSchool of Social Work, East Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, USA.
Luis Colon-PerezDepartment of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Faith Femi-OgunyemiTexas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Allison BurkesTexas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Mark CunninghamDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Mark.Cunningham@unthsc.edu.

Funding

Training in the Neurobiology of Aging and Alzheimer's DiseaseT32AG020494 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR · PI ROBERT Clinton BARBER, NATHALIE SUMIEN · 2002 to 2026
$6.9M
NIA NIH HHS T32 AG020494
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPoverty, a low resource state, is a common adverse childhood experience (ACE) and early life stress (ELS). People who experienced childhood poverty are at greater risk for developing hypertension during adulthood, with sex differences. To determine the possible mechanisms of these sex differences, we investigated the alterations in blood pressure (BP), autonomic activity, and inflammation in the brain and kidneys of rats exposed to an impoverished environment during the early life, by using the limited bedding and nesting (LBN) rodent model.

methodsThe LBN model mimics childhood poverty by creating a low resource environment on postnatal days 2-9. After weaning, offspring were separated by sex and LBN exposure and were evaluated at 16-18 weeks of age (Adulthood).

resultsLBN males displayed an increase in BP compared to the control (CON), whereas LBN females showed no changes. Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) was increased in LBN males and females compared to the CON, while only parasympathetic nerve activity (PNA) was increased in LBN vs. CON females. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-17 and TNF-α, were decreased in the brains of LBN vs. CON males, with no alterations in females.

conclusionAdult LBN males have elevated BP, due to increased SNA, while LBN females may be protected from increased BP due to a simultaneous increase in SNA and PNA. The reduction in IL-17 and TNF-α in LBN males may serve as a compensatory mechanism to lower BP. This study provides insights into sex differences in BP for adults who experienced childhood poverty.

Indexed as

Autonomic activityEarly-Life stressHypertensionInflammationSex differences

Identifiers

PMID41618452
PMCPMC12934085

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