Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41618394›Full record

ArticleInjury epidemiology2026

Perceived neighborhood safety and firearm secure storage: findings from the 2024 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

Alexander Testa, Karyn Fu, Muhammed Ahmed, Daniel C Semenza, Dylan B Jackson, Sandra McKay, Kyle T Ganson, Jason M Nagata

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Injury epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alexander TestaDepartment of Management, Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Karyn FuRice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Muhammed AhmedUniversity of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Daniel C SemenzaDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA.
Dylan B JacksonJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sandra McKayDepartment of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Kyle T GansonFactor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Jason M NagataDivision of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, #4206, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. jason.nagata@ucsf.edu.

Funding

CDC HHS R49CE003712
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSecure firearm storage (i.e., keeping firearms locked and ammunition stored separately) is a means of reducing risks of suicide, unintentional injury, and homicide. While prior research has examined demographic and household factors associated with storage practices, less is known about how contextual factors, such as perceived neighborhood safety from crime, influence firearm storage behavior.

methodsData were from the 2024 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a nationally coordinated, state-based survey administered by state health departments with technical and methodological support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Analyses were restricted to respondents in firearm-owning households from ten states (n = 18,443). Firearm storage was categorized as: (1) unloaded [safest], (2) loaded and locked [intermediate risk], or (3) loaded and unlocked [unsafe storage practice]. Perceived neighborhood safety from crime was classified as extremely safe, safe, or unsafe (unsafe and extremely unsafe combined). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between perceived neighborhood safety and firearm storage.

resultsMost respondents lived in households with firearms stored unloaded (63.2%), followed by loaded and locked (19.8%) and loaded and unlocked (17.0%). Compared with those who perceived their neighborhoods as extremely safe, respondents who perceived them as unsafe or extremely unsafe had a higher relative risk of living in a household with firearms loaded and unlocked (RRR = 1.773; 95% CI: 1.240-2.536).

conclusionsFirearm injury prevention initiatives addressing storage practices should consider the role of community-level perceptions of safety through intervention-oriented and policy-relevant approaches, including via the integration of public health and violence prevention strategies.

Indexed as

Behavioral risk factor surveillance systemCrimeFirearm storageInjury preventionNeighborhood safety

Identifiers

PMID41618394
PMCPMC12930988

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.