Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41618365›Full record

ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2026

Inequities in willingness to disclose contact information to access free mpox self-testing kits among MSM in China: a COM-B-informed multi-center study.

Shunyu Tao, Birong Wu, Ning Yin, Jianyu Chen, Jiaqing Bu, Jun Chen, Sixin Chen, Wei Yan, Nan Zhou, Jiechen Zhang and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal for equity in health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Shunyu Tao *Public Health Research Center, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
Birong Wu *Public Health Research Center, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
Ning YinChangning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.268, Linxin Road, Shanghai, 200051, China.
Jianyu ChenCollege of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, No.279, Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai, 201318, China.
Jiaqing BuShanghai Qingai Health Center, No.340, Yanping Road, Shanghai, 200042, China.
Jun ChenShanghai Qingai Health Center, No.340, Yanping Road, Shanghai, 200042, China.
Sixin ChenShanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Wei YanHuayang Community Health Service Center, No.292, Huayang Road, Shanghai, 200042, China.
Nan ZhouDepartment of General practice, Xianxia Community Health Care Centre, No.140, Furongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
Jiechen ZhangDermatology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
Yong CaiPublic Health Research Center, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China. caiyong202028@hotmail.com.
Ying WangPublic Health Research Center, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China. yingwangxun@163.com.
Fan HuPublic Health Research Center, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China. hufan@sjtu.edu.cn.

Funding

Changning District Medical and Health Research Special Project CNKW2022Y08Key Discipline Projects of the Shanghai Three-Year Action Plan for Public Health GWVI-11.1-29National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Z155080000004Public Health Research Project from Shanghai Disease Control and Prevention Administration 2024GKM30Research Fund of Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine TRYJ2024LC13Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality for the Seroepidemiological Study of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Key Populations 20JC1410204Tongren Hospital Talent Launch Project TR2023rc11Tongren Hospital Talent Launch Project TR2024RC10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFree mpox self-testing often requires disclosure of personal contact information (e.g., phone numbers or social media IDs). Among men who have sex with men (MSM), this requirement can function as an access gate with unequal impacts across socioeconomic and regional contexts. Using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) framework, we examined psychosocial and socioeconomic correlates of willingness to disclose among MSM in China.

methodsWe conducted an anonymous online cross-sectional survey (November 2023-March 2024) in six provincial regions representing three development tiers. MSM (n = 2,403) were recruited via community-based organizations using snowball sampling. Guided by the COM-B framework, we fitted hierarchical logistic regression models with sequential adjustment for sociodemographic, health, and behavioral covariates to estimate associations with disclosure willingness. Prespecified stratified analyses by education, income, and regional development assessed heterogeneity.

resultsOverall, 57.9% reported willingness to disclose contact information to obtain free mpox self-testing kits. COM-B factors were consistently associated with willingness across models: higher prevention self-efficacy (OR = 1.028, 95% CI: 1.009-1.046) and prior HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) (OR = 1.535, 95% CI: 1.240-1.899) were positively associated with willingness, whereas greater healthcare-related concerns were negatively associated with it (OR = 0.983, 95% CI: 0.975-0.990). College education (OR = 1.542, 95% CI: 1.233-1.928) and higher income (≥ 6,001 CNY: OR = 1.349, 95% CI: 1.003-1.814) were positively associated. Compared with highly developed regions, MSM in moderately developed regions showed lower odds of willingness to disclose (OR = 0.607, 95% CI: 0.491-0.750). Subgroup analyses indicated that social support was more influential in less developed regions, while privacy- and discrimination-related concerns were more salient in moderately developed regions.

conclusionsRequiring contact disclosure to access free self-testing can create inequitable barriers. Equity-oriented implementation should: (1) strengthen self-efficacy through peer-led practice and prompts; (2) reduce healthcare-related concerns via privacy-by-design (data minimization, transparent data-use, anonymous pickup); and (3) leverage HIV testing infrastructure. Moderately developed regions warrant priority attention given systematically lower willingness to disclose.

Indexed as

DisclosureHIV InfectionsHIV TestingHomosexuality, MaleMpox, MonkeypoxSelf-TestingAdultChinaCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotivationSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesAccess barriersChinaCOM-B frameworkHealth equityMen who have sex with men (MSM)Mpox self-testingPersonal contact information disclosure

Identifiers

PMID41618365
PMCPMC12930638

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.