ArticleBMC nursing2026
Evidence-based practice among Polish nurses: a cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitudes, and the role of nurse leaders.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvidence-based practice (EBP) is recognised as a cornerstone of high-quality nursing care. Although widely promoted globally, its implementation remains uneven, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. This study assessed Polish nurses’ EBP knowledge, attitudes, and skills, and examined associations with education, age, and professional position.
methodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 181 registered nurses in Poland between 1 April and 31 May 2023. Data were collected via an online survey using the Polish version of the Evidence-Based Practice Profile Questionnaire (EBP2). Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho correlations, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used for analysis (α = 0.05).
resultsRespondents reported high awareness and positive attitudes toward EBP; however, routine use of EBP components was limited. For example, only 21.5% reported formulating a clinical question at least weekly, while 23.2% never did; 74.0% critically appraised the methodological quality of literature less than once a month or never. Older age was negatively associated with intention to expand EBP competence (ρ = −0.24, p = 0.001) and EBP-related skills (ρ = −0.17, p = 0.019). Educational level significantly differentiated multiple EBP domains (e.g., η² up to 0.07), with the highest scores among nurses holding a master’s degree with specialisation. Nurses in managerial roles also demonstrated higher EBP competence and use than staff nurses (p < 0.05; η² up to 0.05). Organisational and peer support were frequently reported as key motivators for EBP use.
conclusionsPolish nurses in this sample reported positive attitudes toward evidence-based practice (EBP), but routine implementation of core EBP activities remained limited. Higher educational attainment and holding a managerial (nursing leadership) role were associated with stronger EBP competence and use, whereas older age was linked to lower engagement in selected domains. Strengthening EBP may benefit from structured education alongside active support from nursing leaders and enabling conditions (e.g., protected time and access to evidence resources) to narrow the evidence–practice gap.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.