Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41618239›Full record

Observational studyBMC medical education2026

Effect of a summer externship program on undergraduate nursing students' work readiness: a quasi-experimental study.

Ahmed Nahari, Naji Alqahtani, Monir Almotairy, Adnan Innab, Hamza Moafa, Maha M Alanazi, Abdulmajeed Alanazi, Reem Alorf

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ahmed Nahari *Medical Surgical Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia. anahari@ksu.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-8443
Naji Alqahtani *Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9189-3841
Monir AlmotairyNursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-6744
Adnan InnabNursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-1078
Hamza MoafaCommunity and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-2050
Maha M AlanaziCollege of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-1219-9633
Abdulmajeed AlanaziCollege of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2510-2452
Reem AlorfMedical Surgical Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2336-404X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe diverse ways in which externship programs influence undergraduate students highlight the need for more comprehensive studies to clarify their impact on key dimensions of work readiness, including organizational acumen, personal work characteristics, social intelligence, and work competence. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a summer externship program on undergraduate nursing students' work readiness. The study was guided by Bandura's social cognitive career theory and Meleis transition theory.

methodsThis study employed a quasi-experimental, single-group pre-post design. This study was reported according to the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs guidelines (TREND). Participants were recruited from six healthcare facilities located in central Saudi Arabia. The intervention consisted of a 2 to 4 week summer externship (minimum 50 h) in acute care units, where students practiced direct patient care, documentation, and clinical decision-making under registered nurse supervision. Data were collected using the Work Readiness Scale and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

resultsA total of 234 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the externship program, of whom 175 (74.8%) completed both pre- and post-program questionnaires. Overall work readiness increased significantly from pre-program (M = 346.5, SD ± 55.1) to post-program (M = 367.0, SD ± 65.9, p < .001). The majority of participants (92.6%) expressed overall satisfaction with the program, acknowledged substantial support from their assigned health facilities (87.4%), and perceived the externship as having a significant positive impact on the community (86%). Significant differences in work readiness scores were found based on the perceived impact of the program on the community (f = 5.513, p < .005) and motivation to join the externship program (f = 8.527, p < .001). At post-program, significant improvements were observed in work competence, organizational acumen, and personal work characteristics (all p < .001), whereas no significant change was found in social intelligence (p = .673).

conclusionThe externship program significantly improved nursing students' overall work readiness and key dimensions, supporting its value in facilitating the transition from academic learning to clinical practice. The findings highlight important student-level variables for the design of future externship nursing programs aimed at facilitating students' transition to real-world nursing practice. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Education, Nursing, BaccalaureateStudents, NursingAdultClinical CompetenceFemaleHumansMaleSaudi ArabiaSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultExternshipSocial intelligenceWork competenceWork readiness

Identifiers

PMID41618239
PMCPMC12930917

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.