Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41618001›Full record

ArticleCommunications chemistry2026

Development of a quadruple-conjugated carbon dot nanomodel for targeted glioma therapy.

Emel Kirbas Cilingir, Sajini D Hettiarachchi, Parth Rathee, Yiqun Zhou, Braulio Clb Ferreira, Lukun Wang, Annu Joji, Carlos M Gonzalez, Maria J Moreno Hollweg, Mehrdad Shiri and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Emel Kirbas Cilingir *Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Sajini D Hettiarachchi *Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4063-1355
Parth RatheeDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Yiqun ZhouDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Braulio Clb FerreiraDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Lukun WangDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Annu JojiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6124-6491
Carlos M GonzalezDepartment of Chemistry and Physics, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5440-8165
Maria J Moreno HollwegDr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-3144-8421
Mehrdad ShiriDepartment of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-0221
Kun WangDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Rajeev PrabhakarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1137-1272
Steven VanniDr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Roger M LeblancDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA. rml@miami.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-8042
Regina M GrahamDr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA. rgraham1@nova.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-2971

Funding

Florida Department of Health 21L08National Science Foundation (NSF) 1809060National Science Foundation (NSF) 1809060, 2041413 and 2102563National Science Foundation (NSF) 2041413National Science Foundation (NSF) 210563
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-grade gliomas are devastating cancers with dismal prognosis, largely because current chemotherapeutics fail to cross the blood-brain barrier and lack tumor-cell specificity. Nanotechnology aims to overcome these limitations through targeted drug delivery. Here, a quadruple-conjugated nanomodel was synthesized using carbon dots (C-dots) as biocompatible nanocarriers via a one-pot reaction that covalently links two targeting peptides and two anticancer agents. The short peptide (shPep-1) targets the tumor-restricted receptor IL13Rα2, whereas the long peptide (lnPep-1) contains a nuclear localization signal for enhanced intracellular trafficking. Therapeutic cargo consists of epirubicin and the temozolomide metabolite 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide. This nanomodel displays potent cytotoxicity in multiple high-grade glioma cell lines at 50 nM while remaining relatively non-toxic to normal cells (IC₅₀ > 2 µM). Despite a lower drug-loading capacity than single-peptide formulations, it induced greater glioma cell death, underscoring the enhanced therapeutic synergy of its dual-peptide, dual-drug design. Fluorescence studies confirm superior uptake and nuclear delivery, establishing C-dots as a stable, cost-effective, modular platform for next-generation personalized cancer nanotherapies.

Identifiers

PMID41618001
PMCPMC12921327

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.