Comparative evaluation of sand sources based on physical and morphological characteristics for cement concrete applications.

Habert Ayesiga, Mahamudu H Mtebwa, Innocent J Macha

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Habert AyesigaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Mahamudu H MtebwaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Innocent J MachaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. imacha@udsm.ac.tz.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sand is one of the main materials used in the construction industry and serves as a key component in cement, concrete and mortar. The quality and availability of sand play a crucial role in determining the durability and performance of structures. This study examines the suitability of locally mined fine aggregates for use in cement concrete production, focusing on seven locations around the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania: Mpigi Magohe, Misugusugu, Ngeta, Mbagala, Mkuranga, Tegeta and Jangwani. Sand quality directly influences concrete strength and durability, making proper selection essential. Physical and morphological properties were tested per ASTM standards, including sieve analysis, water absorption, specific gravity, bulk density, moisture, silt content, and organic matter content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate sand morphology. The results showed that fineness modulus ranged from 1.75 to 2.66, water absorption between 1.80 and 6.08%, specific gravity from 2.50 to 2.65, bulk density from 1489 to 1735 kg/m

Indexed as

Cement concreteDecision matrixFine aggregatesSand gradationSand textureSEM analysis

Identifiers

PMID41617730

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-29470-9

PMCPMC12864989

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.