Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41617680›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

A radiolabeled dendrimer non-invasively identifies and tracks innate immune cell activation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Renesmee C Kuo, Mackenzie L Carlson, Samantha T Reyes, Sydney C Nagy, Mausam Kalita, Israt S Alam, Noeen Malik, Isaac M Jackson, Christopher J Acosta, Irene N Falk and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Renesmee C Kuo *Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-2914
Mackenzie L Carlson *Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Samantha T ReyesMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2584-5902
Sydney C NagyMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-8955
Mausam KalitaMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-2678
Israt S AlamMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Noeen MalikMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Isaac M JacksonMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Christopher J AcostaMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Irene N FalkMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
E Carmen AzevedoMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Yanrong ZhangDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Lisa NicholsDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Corinne BeinatMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-3272
Naze G AvciAshvattha Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA.
Madhuri ChattopadhyayAshvattha Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA.
S Sakura MinamiAshvattha Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA.
Jeffrey L ClelandAshvattha Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA.
Michelle L JamesMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. mljames@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-7084

Funding

In vivo tracking of innate immune activation and therapeutic response in MS mouse models using [18F]OP-801R21NS135513 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JAMES, MICHELLE LOUISE · 2025 to 2025
$424k
NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS135513U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) 1R21NS135513-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease driven by infiltration of activated innate immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Current imaging approaches for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression rely on structural lesions and cannot directly assess innate immune activity. Here, we describe a dendrimer positron emission tomography (PET) tracer,

Indexed as

DendrimersEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalImmunity, InnateAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleFingolimod HydrochlorideFluorine RadioisotopesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMultiple SclerosisMyeloid CellsPositron-Emission TomographyDendrimersFingolimod HydrochlorideFluorine Radioisotopes

Identifiers

PMID41617680
PMCPMC12864735

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.