ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026
Dynamics of Intact and Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Proviruses During Decades of Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment in Young Adults With Perinatal HIV.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells in pediatric HIV cure strategies: from viral control to immunotherapeutics.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding HIV-1 reservoir dynamics during long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in youth with perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) is essential for ART-free remission strategies.
methodsWe quantified intact and defective HIV proviruses in 201 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (PBMCs) from participants ages 17.6-21.2 years in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) Adolescent Master Protocol. Participants were classified as early-suppressed (ES, <1 year of age at virologic suppression [VS]) or late-suppressed (LS, 1-5 years of age at VS) and had maintained VS for up to 20 years.
resultsTwenty-six participants (11 ES and 15 LS) were evaluated. Early-suppressed participants exhibited significantly lower intact HIV reservoirs compared with LS participants, with 67% of ES samples below detection limits (2.0 copies/106 PBMCs). By 5 years of VS, the ES participants had significantly lower mean intact proviral load (2.0 vs 6.6 copies/106 PBMCs) than LS participants, largely driven by faster clearance of intact proviruses in the first 5 years of VS. Among LS participants, females had larger intact reservoirs than males (mean: 12.5 vs 4.1 intact copies/106 PBMCs) and exhibited greater increases in defective proviruses over time.
conclusionsAchieving VS by 1 year of age in perinatal HIV infection results in substantially smaller HIV intact reservoirs by age 5, with effects sustained through young adulthood. Additionally, sex-based differences, larger intact reservoirs and increases in defective proviruses in females, underscore the need for tailored ART-free remission and cure strategies for this population.
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