Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41616022›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

A compact uniform circular array antenna for circularly polarized higher-order OAM beam generation through modes superposition.

Umar Fayyaz, Yosef T Aladadi, Abdul Aziz, Shahab Ahmad Niazi, Syed Tamoor Shah, Sulaiman Al-Sowayan, Zaid Ahmed Shamsan, Rifaqat Hussain

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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Umar FayyazFaculty of Engineering and Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-1027
Yosef T AladadiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdul AzizFaculty of Engineering and Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Shahab Ahmad NiaziFaculty of Engineering and Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Syed Tamoor ShahNational University of Science and Technology NUST H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Sulaiman Al-SowayanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Zaid Ahmed ShamsanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rifaqat HussainSchool of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents the design and validation of a compact uniform circular array (UCA) antenna for the generation of a higher-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam. The array combines the fifth-order OAM generated by individual ring patch antenna elements with the first-order OAM mode of the array to radiate the resultant sixth-order OAM beam through mode superposition. A dual-feed configuration is employed to achieve a 90-degree phase difference using differential feed lengths. Sequential rotation of elements ensures circular polarization without the need for complex feeding networks. Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) confirms the excitation of TM61 degenerate modes from ring patch antenna responsible for the fifth-order OAM radiation. The antenna operates at 3.55 GHz and achieves significant mode purity with an axial ratio below 3 dB. The proposed design is a single-layer, low-profile antenna that is suitable for narrowband OAM-based wireless sensor and communication systems, enabling high-order mode generation with a reduced number of array elements.

Indexed as

Wireless TechnologyEquipment Design

Identifiers

PMID41616022
PMCPMC12857931

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.