ArticlePloS one2026
Praxis function in the ADL Observation Scale: Spanish cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo cross-cultural adapt the ADL Observation Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Spanish-speaking patients with stroke.
methodsA validation study that included cross-cultural adaptation, structural validity assessment, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy analysis. The study followed COSMIN and STARD criteria. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ADL Observation Scale followed a backward translation process. Structural validity was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficient. Cut-off points were estimated using ROC analysis, and diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Internal consistency, cut-off points, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated for two different age groups (≥65 years; > 65 years).
resultsThe Spanish version of the ADL Observation Scale was obtained after cross-cultural adaptation. The psychometric properties were tested in a sample of 180 patients with stroke. Structural validity showed a four-factor structure of the scale (RMSEA = 0.078; CFI = 0.952; TLI = 0.934). Internal consistency for each factor indicated Omega values between 0.641, 95% CI [0.495, 0.753], and 0.915, 95% CI [0.882, 0.936]. Cut-off points, also calculated for each factor, ranged from ≥1 to ≥4 points. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values showed high values, indicating the scale's discriminatory capacity for correctly classifying patients with praxis deficits.
conclusionThe ADL Observation Scale has a four-factor structure, and it is a reliable instrument for evaluating the levels of praxis function in daily living among Spanish-speaking patients with stroke. The scale also has adequate diagnostic accuracy in detecting patients with praxis deficits.
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