Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41615801›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

Leveraging current steering and the biophysics of spike generation for cellular-resolution electrical stimulation of neurons.

Praful K Vasireddy, Ramandeep S Vilkhu, Amrith Lotlikar, Jeff B Brown, A J Phillips, Alex R Gogliettino, Madeline R Hays, Claire Baum, Ethan J Kato, Aviv Sharon and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Praful K VasireddyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: pvasired@alumni.stanford.edu.
Ramandeep S VilkhuDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Amrith LotlikarDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Jeff B BrownDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
A J PhillipsDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Alex R GogliettinoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Madeline R HaysDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Claire BaumDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Ethan J KatoDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Aviv SharonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Pawel HottowyAGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Alexander SherSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Alan M LitkeSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Subhasish MitraDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Nishal P ShahDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
E J ChichilniskyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: ej@stanford.edu.

Funding

Core Grant for Vision ResearchP30EY019005 · NEI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI ALBRIGHT, THOMAS D · 2009 to 2018
$7.7M
Patterned Electrical Stimulation of the Retina for High-Resolution ProsthesesR01EY021271 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI EDUARDO CHICHILNISKY · 2011 to 2026
$4.6M
Bi-directional neural interface for probing parallel visual pathwaysR01EY032900 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHICHILNISKY, EDUARDO, COGAN, STUART F · 2021 to 2024
$2.8M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY019005NEI NIH HHS R01 EY021271NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032900
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrical stimulation at cellular resolution to restore the function of neural circuits is limited by the density of available electrode arrays. Although current steering with multi-electrode stimulation can be used to target cells between electrodes, it has not been proven for systematically targeting individual cells. We develop a framework for cellular-resolution current steering, leveraging the biophysics of electrically evoked spike generation, and test its efficacy in isolated macaque and human retina. Currents were passed through three electrodes simultaneously using large-scale high-density microelectrode arrays, directly evoking single spikes in retinal ganglion cells. The currents combined either linearly or nonlinearly to drive spiking, depending on the geometry of the electrodes relative to the cell. These findings were captured by a biophysical model and by a simpler parametric model in which spikes can initiate at several sites on the cell membrane and were leveraged to efficiently identify multi-electrode stimulation patterns that optimized cellular selectivity.

Indexed as

Action PotentialsElectric StimulationNeuronsRetinal Ganglion CellsAnimalsBiophysical PhenomenaBiophysicsHumansMicroelectrodesbiophysical simulationsclosed-loop calibrationcomputational modelingCP: neurosciencecurrent steeringelectrical neural stimulationelectrophysiologymicroelectrode arraysneural codesingle-cell resolution

Identifiers

PMID41615801
PMCPMC13065362

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.