Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41615755›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Stepwise differentiation from precursor intermediates and distinct Th1 checkpoints promote CD4 Th1 cell differentiation during chronic viral infection.

Hongshen Niu, Siying Lin, Ryan Brown, Jian Shen, Arjun Kharel, Yuqi Zhang, Kexin Gai, Ashley Bauer, Ashley Brown, Ziyang Xu and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Hongshen NiuDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.ORCID 0009-0006-0657-6096
Siying LinDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
Ryan BrownDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
Jian ShenDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.ORCID 0000-0001-8398-2318
Arjun KharelDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
Yuqi ZhangDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
Kexin GaiDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
Ashley BauerDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
Ashley BrownDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
Ziyang XuDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
David G BrooksDepartment of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7763-8764
Weiguo CuiDepartment of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.ORCID 0000-0003-1562-9218

Funding

CARCINOGENESIS TRAINING PROGRAMT32CA009560 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Kathleen Janee Green · 1986 to 2026
$8.4M
cGMP Manufacture, Fill-Finish, Release, Analytical and Stability Testing and Stability Program of a Nanoparticle Based HIV Envelope Vaccine75N93022D00005 · NIAID · INTERNATIONAL AIDS VACCINE INITIATIVE · PI HASSELL, THOMAS · 2022 to 2025
$8.0M
Task Area A shall encompass annual follow-up of cohort members, clinical events investigations, study operations, and data analysis and manuscript writing. If implemented, Task A.1 will provide fundin75N92020D00005 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI WATSON, KAROL E · 2020 to 2025
$5.1M
Phenotypic, Functional and Transcriptional Heterogeneity in T Cell ExhaustionR01AI148403 · NIAID · VERSITI WISCONSIN, INC. · PI WEIGUO CUI · 2020 to 2026
$3.1M
TCR signaling regulated T cell exhaustion in response to chronic viral infectionR01AI189723 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI WEIGUO CUI · 2025 to 2026
$1.3M
TCR signaling strength regulated T cell differentiation during chronic viral infectionR56AI176611 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI CUI, WEIGUO · 2024 to 2024
$350k
HHS | NIH (NIH) AI176611 AI148403NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009560NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00005NIAID NIH HHS 75N93022D00005NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148403NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI189723NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI176611NIDA NIH HHS 75N95020D00005NIH HHS 75N93023D00005NIH HHS 75N99020D00005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CD4

Indexed as

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCell DifferentiationLymphocytic ChoriomeningitisTh1 CellsAnimalsB7-H1 AntigenHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alphaLymphocytic choriomeningitis virusMicePersistent InfectionProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorSignal TransductionT-Cell ExhaustionB7-H1 AntigenCd274 protein, mouseHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alphaHnf1a protein, mousePdcd1 protein, mouseProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorCD4+ T cellschromatin remodelingimmunotherapyLCMVTh1 differentiation

Identifiers

PMID41615755
PMCPMC12867724

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.