Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41615621›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026

The RNA delivery dilemma-lipid versus polymer nanoparticle platforms.

Cláudia Martins, Michael J Mitchell, Dan Peer, Yvonne Perrie, Daniel J Siegwart, María José Alonso, Juan Aparicio-Blanco

Abstract readEditorial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Cláudia Martinsi3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. claudia.martins@i3s.up.pt.
Michael J Mitchell *Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Dan PeerLaboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
Yvonne Perrie *Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Daniel J Siegwart *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
María José AlonsoCenter for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. mariaj.alonso@usc.es.
Juan Aparicio-BlancoDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain. juan.aparicio.blanco@ucm.es.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the first market authorization of RNA therapies, just eight years ago, the field has witnessed an extraordinary expansion, ranging from hepatic delivery for rare genetic diseases to global-scale vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, and now to cutting-edge cancer vaccines and gene editing strategies entering late-stage clinical trials. In parallel, the RNA therapeutics landscape has evolved rapidly, progressing from small interfering RNAs to next-generation and combinatorial RNA modalities. None of these breakthroughs would have been possible without the development of sophisticated RNA delivery technologies capable of navigating complex biological environments, enabling precise cellular targeting, and facilitating efficient intracellular trafficking. In this Editorial Note, we take a step back to reflect on key lessons learned throughout the RNA delivery journey. Featuring insights from leading and experienced voices in the field, this manuscript highlights critical milestones, persistent challenges, and the roles of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) as RNA delivery platforms. These experts reflect on the features that have positioned LNPs as the current RNA delivery gold standard, while also exploring the untapped potential and distinctive advantages of polymer-based nanosystems. Collectively, these perspectives underscore a striking truth: we are only beginning to unlock the full therapeutic potential of RNA, and nanomedicine will certainly continue to shape the future clinical translation of RNA-based therapies.

Indexed as

LipidsNanoparticlesPolymersRNARNA, Small InterferingAnimalsGene Transfer TechniquesHumansLiposomesLipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesPolymersRNARNA, Small InterferingClinical translationExtrahepatic deliveryGeneticsManufacturing scalabilityNanomedicineRegulatory readiness

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.