Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41615567›Full record

ArticleMagma (New York, N.Y.)2026

Comment: naming convention for gradient system transfer function and gradient system frequency response for magnetic resonance imaging encoding field characterization.

Niklas Wehkamp, Patrick Hucker, Johannes Fischer, Andreas Greiner, Jon-Fredrik Nielsen, Maxim Zaitsev, Robert Dehnert

Erratum issuedAbstract readLetter
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Magma (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Niklas WehkampDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. niklas.wehkamp@uniklinik-freiburg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-7904
Patrick HuckerDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Johannes FischerDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Andreas GreinerLaboratory for Simulation, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Jon-Fredrik NielsenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Maxim ZaitsevDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Robert DehnertInstitute of Automatic Control, School of Electrical, Information and Media Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.

Funding

A harmonized vendor-agnostic environment for multi-site functional MRI studiesU24NS120056 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Jon-Fredrik Nielsen, Maxim Zaitsev · 2021 to 2026
$3.3M
HORIZON EUROPE European Institute of Innovation and Technology HORIZON-WIDERA-2021-ACCESS-03HORIZON EUROPE Reforming and enhancing the European Research and Innovation system 22HLT02 A4IMNIDCR NIH HHS NIH R01 EB032378NIH NIH U24 NS120056NIH HHS NIH U24 NS120056NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS120056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The frequency response and transfer function of a system are closely related, but distinct concepts from a control system theory and signal processing perspective. Unfortunately, these concepts have been used inconsistently in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) literature for gradient characterization. This note highlights the differences, with the intention to establish a common naming convention, consistent with other engineering fields. This will facilitate communication between colleagues with a different research background, promoting knowledge transfer and potentially alleviate shortcomings that have resulted from the incorrect usage of the term "transfer function" for gradient characterization in the past.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingAlgorithmsHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedTerminology as TopicFrequency response function (FRF)Gradient frequency response (GFR)Gradient impulse response function (GIRF)Gradient modulation transfer function (GMTF)Gradient system transfer function (GSTF)Gradient transfer function (GTF)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)System characterization

Identifiers

PMID41615567
PMCPMC13447325

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.