ArticleNAM journal2025
High-resistance coils in E-cigarettes increase heavy metals leaching into aerosols to cause oxidants generation in human bronchial epithelial cells at air-liquid interface: A unique non-animal methodological approach on vaping studies.
Article in NAM journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toxicity, Chemistry, and Public Health Relevance of Emerging Nicotine Analog Vapes, Pods, and Pouches.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Review
- Article
- Sweeteners in E-Cigarettes: A Minireview of Flavoring and Biological Action.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Single-cell transcriptomics identifies altered neutrophil dynamics and accentuated T-cell cytotoxicity in tobacco flavored e-cigarette exposed mouse lungs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use electrical resistance (sub-ohm to above-ohm) to heat coils that vaporize e-liquids for the generation of aerosols, which are inhaled directly. The effect of varying coil resistances on the production of toxicants in e-liquid aerosols remains unclear. In this study, we examined how varying coil resistance (0.6 Ω (sub-Ohm), 0.9 Ω (intermediate-Ohm), or 1.4 Ω (above-Ohm)) affects the physicochemical properties of e-cig aerosols, including mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), size distribution, heavy metals, acellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in PG/VG, PG/VG with nicotine, and commercially available menthol and tobacco-flavored e-liquids. Further, we examined how varying coil resistance affected cytotoxicity and inflammatory mediator (interleukin-6) release by normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) that were exposed to e-cig aerosols at the air-liquid interface (ALI), a unique non-animal new methodological approach for vaping studies. Sub-ohm coils led to increased MMAD, while above-ohm coils produced finer particles and contained higher levels of aluminium, lead, chromium, and nickel, depending on the e-liquid formulation. Additionally, above-ohm coils significantly increased ROS generation in aerosols from commercially available flavored e-liquids, which in turn led to greater cellular ROS production in ALI-cultured NHBE. Both sub-ohm and above-ohm coils induced similar interleukin-6 release. Conversely, for cytotoxicity, PG/VG and menthol aerosols from sub- and intermediate-Ohm coils significantly raised LDH release. Overall, sub-ohm coils produce larger aerosols, above-ohm coils contain higher concentrations of heavy metals and ROS, whose toxicological impacts are reflected by the physiologically relevant in vitro lung models at the air-liquid interface.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.