ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025
Rice-eel system combined with exogenous organic waste improves soil quality under nitrogen deficiency by regulating soil microbial community.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The rice-eel system, a cultivation method integrating aquatic animals with rice, offers ecological and agronomic advantages, yet its long-term effects of substituting chemical fertilizers with straw or organic fertilizers on soil properties remain unclear. Aims: This study aimed to quantify the effects of organic waste substitutions within the rice-eel system on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities. Methods: A 2016-established field experiment on sandy loam soil under rice-fallow rotation, and soil samples (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths) were taken in March 2025. The study included five treatments: conventional fertilization (100%) without eel (RT), conventional fertilization (100%) + eel (IRT), 70% chemical fertilization + eel (I70), 70% chemical fertilization + 30% straw + eel (IS), and 70% chemical fertilization + 30% organic fertilizer + eel (IO). Results: The system improved soil macroaggregate stability, with the strongest effects under IS and IO. Compared with RT, IS and IO significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) by 16.04% on average, at 0-20 cm, and increased SOM and available phosphorus (AP) by 18.60 and 33.70%, respectively, at 20-40 cm. IS and IO significantly increased bacterial and fungal gene copies by an average of 64.95% (0-20 cm) and 76.20% (20-40 cm). The rice-eel system improved microbial diversity, reshaped community composition, and increased taxa such as Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, Pleosporales and Chytridiomycota which contribute to organic matter decomposition and aggregate formation. The relative abundance of microorganisms associated with aerobic respiration (cytochrome c pathway) increased, while functional pathways related to biosynthesis and degradation/utilization/assimilation were also strengthened. Conclusion: The rice-eel system-particularly IO-significantly improved fertility, aggregate stability, and microbial function. These findings indicate that the rice-eel system reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers while sustaining productivity, offering a practical strategy for ecological agriculture.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.