Trial reportFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Inhalation of phlai-containing essential oil enhances cognition: a comparison with olive oil in healthy adults.
Trial report in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Phlai ( Methods: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted with 40 healthy male volunteers. Participants were assigned to either an olive oil group (n = 20) or an essential oil blend (ESOB) group (n = 20), with Phlai as the primary component. Each participant inhaled a single dose of their respective essential oil for 15 min. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after the intervention using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Digit Span Test, the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and the Word List Learning Test (WLL). Differences in cognitive outcomes between groups were analyzed using one-way ANCOVA, with a focus on working memory, short-term memory, retrieval fluency, executive function, and global cognition. Results: Both olive oil and ESOB inhalation resulted in measurable acute improvements in several cognitive domains. Notably, the ESOB Phlai produced significantly greater enhancements in working memory and executive function compared to olive oil. These findings highlight ESOB Phlai's promise as a functional botanical ingredient with cognitive benefits, suggesting its future value in the development of sustainable, plant-based functional foods or nutraceuticals. Conclusion: Single-dose inhalation of a Phlai-containing essential oil may acutely enhance cognitive function in healthy adults, supporting the consideration of Phlai as a sustainable, plant-derived ingredient for functional food systems. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and to investigate practical applications within the food and nutrition sector. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20180710008, identifier TCTR20180710008.
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