Enhancing waste eggshell-derived CaO catalysts for biodiesel production through synergistic oxide modification: a comprehensive catalytic and kinetic study.

Lebohang Macheli, Gerard M Leteba, Sarah L George, Candace I Lang, Linda L Jewell

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lebohang MacheliDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of South Africa Cnr Christian De Wet and Pioneer Road, Florida 1709 Johannesburg South Africa machelg@unisa.ac.za jewelll@unisa.ac.za.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-662X

Gerard M LetebaCentre for Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town P/Bag X3 Rondebosch 7708 Cape Town South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-5037

Sarah L GeorgeCentre for Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town P/Bag X3 Rondebosch 7708 Cape Town South Africa.

Candace I LangCentre for Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town P/Bag X3 Rondebosch 7708 Cape Town South Africa.

Linda L JewellDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of South Africa Cnr Christian De Wet and Pioneer Road, Florida 1709 Johannesburg South Africa machelg@unisa.ac.za jewelll@unisa.ac.za.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Valorizing waste materials for sustainable biodiesel production offers dual benefits of environmental remediation and cost reduction. In this study, calcium oxide (CaO) derived from waste eggshells was modified with metal oxides-SiO

Identifiers

PMID41613240

DOI10.1039/d5ra06382e

PMCPMC12848754

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.