ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Macrophage TRIM21 lactylation exacerbates infection-induced orchitis through enhancing STAT1-mediated CXCL9 and CXCL10 production.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Infection-induced orchitis, a leading cause of acquired male infertility affecting 8%-12% of couples globally, is driven by unresolved inflammatory responses following bacterial infection. Methods: We employed uropathogenic Results: We demonstrate that macrophages are the predominant source of CXCL9 and CXCL10 responsible for recruiting inflammatory cells into the testis, thereby disrupting spermatogenesis. Mechanistically, the lysine lactylation in macrophages promotes STAT1-mediated CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression by inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway-mediated STAT1 degradation. Specifically, K345 lactylation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 attenuates ubiquitin-proteasome pathway-mediated STAT1 degradation in macrophages by preventing its interaction with STAT1. Discussion: This study provides the first evidence that non-histone lactylation (TRIM21 K345) exacerbates inflammatory orchitis and highlights TRIM21 lactylation or CXCL9/10 as promising therapeutic targets for infection-associated male infertility.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.