ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2026
Hippocampal subfield differences in people with and without recreational ketamine use: Insights from multi-modal neuroimaging.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hippocampal subfield differences in people with and without recreational ketamine use: Insights from multi-modal neuroimaging.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Internet addiction is associated with differences in static and dynamic hippocampal functional connectivity in young adults: the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsRecreational ketamine use has increased globally and is associated with psychiatric and cognitive concerns. The hippocampus in preclinical models shows damage and working-memory disruption with repeated dosing. However, whether specific hippocampal subregions may differ in people with chronic ketamine use remains unclear. In Taiwan, ketamine is predominantly consumed by smoking ketamine mixed with tobacco, producing smoking-related behavioral profiles like non-ketamine tobacco use participants (TUs). We therefore examined individuals with urine-confirmed ketamine as the only detected substance who reported predominantly smoking-administered recreational use (KUs) and used TUs as controls. This study aimed to: (1) characterize ketamine-use patterns and psychiatric symptoms; (2) compare working-memory and affective-behavioral measures between KUs and TUs; (3) quantify group differences in hippocampal subregion volumes; and (4) assess group differences in functional connectivity (FC) of identified subregions and relationships with neurotransmitter receptor distributions.
designCross-sectional case-control study with cognitive testing and neuroimaging.
settingCommunity-based recruitment in Taiwan.
participants58 KUs (44 males; mean age = 21.00 ± 4.57) and 73 TUs (52 males; mean age = 24.34 ± 5.86). MEASUREMENTS: Ketamine-use patterns (Addiction Severity Index), psychiatric symptoms [Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)], working-memory (N-back), affective-behavioral measures [Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ)], hippocampal subfield volumes (FreeSurfer) and functional connectivity (FC) of identified subregions (seed-based analysis). Spatial correspondence with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor density was evaluated using JuSpace.
findingsHeavier ketamine use was associated with greater psychological distress [Global Severity Index (GSI) r = 0.343, P = 0.011], particularly anxiety (r = 0.457, P < 0.001) and hostility (r = 0.442, P < 0.001). Although self-reported impulsivity, aggression and reward/punishment sensitivity did not differ between groups, KUs showed reduced accuracy under higher working-memory load [2-back: F(1, 124) = 4.16, P = 0.04, partial η
conclusionsRecreational smoking-administered ketamine use appears to be associated with dose-dependent psychiatric symptoms, load-dependent working memory impairment, selective hippocampal subregion volumetric differences and altered network connectivity aligned with N-methyl-D-aspartate- (NMDA) receptor distribution.
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