ArticleParasites & vectors2026
Reduced bioefficacy of used LLINs against natural populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in the centre and east regions of Cameroon.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are crucial for malaria prevention in Cameroon, yet their operational performance may be compromised because of deterioration of the physical integrity and bioefficacy of nets. This study evaluated LLINs, physical integrity, and bioefficacy following mass distribution campaigns in two regions in Cameroon: East (Bertoua) and Centre (Eyang).
methodsHousehold surveys were conducted to assess ITN ownership, usage patterns, and maintenance practices. Net condition was measured using the proportionate hole index (pHI), and bio-efficacy was assessed using WHO cone bioassays against Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) (Kisumu strain) and local field mosquitoes.
resultsA total of 55 LLINs from Bertoua and 30 from Eyang were sampled. LLIN ownership was comparable between sites (66.7% in Bertoua vs. 67.9% in Eyang), with a higher usage rate in Bertoua (73.3%) compared to 58.2% in Eyang. In Bertoua, a large percentage of LLINs (59.6%) were too torn, with Olyset Plus being the most common brand. In contrast, Eyang had a lower proportion of torn nets (44%), and households used a combination of different brands, including the Olyset net, Permanet 2.0, and Royal Sentry. Against the susceptible Kisumu strain, Bertoua's Olyset Plus nets showed optimal efficacy with a 94.6% mortality rate, exceeding the World Health Organization's (WHO) threshold of ≥ 80%. In contrast, nets from Eyang had a 79.3% mortality rate, falling short of the optimal threshold. However, when tested against local field mosquitoes, Olyset Plus (pyrethroid + PBO) showed higher efficacy (mortality rate of 31.8%) than the other brands (7.1% from Olyset net; 18.6% for Permanet 2.0; and 8.6% for Royal Sentry) (p > 0.0001).
conclusionsThese findings underscore the crucial importance of proper LLINs maintenance, particularly regarding washing practices. The results also indicate the need to deploy newer generation LLINs to address emerging insecticide resistance and strengthen malaria control efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.