Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41612118›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

Ethnic Differences in Symptom Burden, Work and Daily Life: A Study of Long COVID Patients in Denmark.

Maria Ingeborg Goldschmidt, George Frederick Mkoma, Jørgen Holm Petersen, Charles Agyemang, Mikael Rostila, Pia Thaning, Ejvind Frausing Hansen, Thomas Benfield, Marie Norredam

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Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Maria Ingeborg GoldschmidtDanish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, Section of Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. maria.goldschmidt@sund.ku.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-9278-5083
George Frederick MkomaDanish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, Section of Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jørgen Holm PetersenSection of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Charles AgyemangDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Mikael RostilaDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Pia ThaningDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Ejvind Frausing HansenDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Thomas BenfieldDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Marie NorredamDanish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, Section of Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEthnic minorities appear to be at higher risk of long COVID. Our objective was to estimate ethnic differences in the burden of long COVID symptoms and their impact on daily life and occupational status.

methodsRetrospective cohort study of adults (≥ 18 years) admitted to a Long COVID Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark, from February 2021 through November 2022. Data from symptom questionnaires were linked to clinical data from patient records and national register data. Using regression models, we calculated the burden and number of long COVID symptoms as well as the risk of certain symptom categories, of being on sick leave, of loss of independence, and of having returned to usual leisure activities.

resultsA total of 864 patients from the long COVID clinic were included; hereof 31.2% were ethnic minorities. Compared to patients of Danish origin, ethnic minorities had an 18.32% higher mean burden of long COVID symptoms (adjusted mean difference (MD

conclusionsEthnic minorities experienced a higher number and symptom burden of long COVID symptoms along with a higher risk of certain symptom categories, notably psychological symptoms. However, ethnic minorities had lower odds of being on sick leave. Additional research is needed into the explanations of the disparities identified in this study.

Indexed as

Ethnic MinorityLong COVIDMinority HealthPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSick LeaveSymptom Burden

Identifiers

PMID41612118

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.