ArticleBiological trace element research2026
Establishment of Thyroid Volume Reference Curves for Children in Xinjiang: An Exploration of Goiter Diagnosis and the Role of Iodine Nutrition.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The validity of applying universal diagnostic standards across diverse populations is a critical public health concern. This study challenges the suitability of China's national thyroid volume (TTV) criteria by establishing region-specific reference curves for 404 children aged 7-13 years in Xinjiang. Our new sex-specific curves, constructed using GAMLSS models, revealed a goiter prevalence of only 1.5%, a stark contrast to the 9.5% in males and 11.7% in females diagnosed using the national standard (McNemar's test, P < 0.001). This discrepancy underscores a significant overestimation by the current national criteria. Furthermore, our analysis elucidated a nuanced role for iodine: while individual iodine indicators (urinary, salivary, and serum) exhibited significant nonlinear associations with TTV, a composite iodine index showed a protective linear negative correlation (P = 0.012). These findings demonstrate that region-specific standards are imperative for accurate goiter diagnosis. They also suggest that in iodine-sufficient populations, the relationship between iodine and thyroid health is a complex physiological modulation rather than a simple risk paradigm.
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