ArticleScientific reports2026
Resilience-oriented optimization of hospital microgrids with critical load support using ESS and PV under grid outage conditions.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
This study develops a resilience-oriented optimization framework for hospital microgrids that integrates photovoltaic (PV) generation, multi-node battery energy storage systems (BESS), and medical load prioritization under grid outage conditions. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to jointly optimize ESS scheduling, critical-load support, and renewable utilization across a set of Monte Carlo outage scenarios. The framework introduces a multi-tier hospital load hierarchy (ICU, OR, imaging, pharmacy) based on Value of Lost Load (VOLL), and employs a composite resilience index combining ENS, LOLP, and critical-load survivability. The model is evaluated on modified IEEE 13-, 33-, and 69-bus systems. Results show that coordinated multi-node ESS placement improves resilience significantly, reducing Energy Not Supplied (ENS) by 55–63% compared with baseline configurations, while maintaining ≥ 95% supply to life-critical loads across most stochastic outage realizations. The proposed strategy also ensures stable Resilience Index (RI) values with a variance below 10%, highlighting robustness against PV variability and outage timing uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that ESS capacity, PV penetration, and outage duration are the dominant factors influencing resilience. Overall, the framework provides a practical and quantitatively validated tool for hospital energy planners seeking enhanced survivability and operational security during grid disruptions.
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