Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41611698›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

NR6A1 is essential for neural crest cell specification, formation and survival.

Emma L Moore Zajic, William A Muñoz, Jennifer F Dennis, Shachi Bhatt, Daisuke Sakai, Annita Achilleos, Ruonan Zhao, Maureen Lamb, Andrew J Price, Chris Seidel and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. A dual role for GLI3 signaling in neural crest development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Emma L Moore ZajicStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
William A MuñozStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Jennifer F DennisStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Shachi BhattStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Daisuke SakaiStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Annita AchilleosStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9941-9762
Ruonan ZhaoStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Maureen LambStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Andrew J PriceStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9080-1802
Chris SeidelStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9218-7922
María TianaCentro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
Antonio BarralCentro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
Delaney ClawsonStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-3064-2534
Miguel ManzanaresCentro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
Paul A TrainorStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA. pat@stowers.org.ORCID 0000-0003-2774-3624

Funding

Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer Ideas SemillaCentro de Biología MolecularSevero Ochoa Center of ExcellenceStowers Institute for Medical Research (SIMR) 1008U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) DE032256
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neural crest cells (NCC) are a migratory progenitor cell population unique to vertebrates that contribute to nearly every organ system throughout the body. Disruptions in NCC development can result in congenital disorders (neurocristopathies). Yet, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms and signals that govern mammalian NCC formation remains poor. Here, we discovered nuclear receptor superfamily 6 group member 1 (NR6A1/GCNF/RTR) is a novel, critical regulator of mammalian NCC specification, formation and survival. Nr6a1 expression in mouse embryos spatiotemporally overlaps with early NCC development. NR6A1 loss-of-function perturbs anterior cranial NCC formation and survival, with complete agenesis of migratory NCC caudal to the first pharyngeal arch. Using targeted molecular and genomic approaches, we demonstrate that these phenotypes are associated with perturbation of NCC specification and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and with persistent expression of pluripotency-associated factors. Supporting these observations, in vivo overexpression of Oct4 in gastrulating mouse embryos disrupts NCC specification and formation. Conditional temporal deletion revealed that Nr6a1 is required during mid-late gastrulation, demonstrating that the initiation of murine NCC specification likely occurs during gastrulation - earlier than previously thought, but in close alignment with the established timeline of NCC development in other vertebrate model organisms. These findings also reveal that the gold standard transgenic mouse line, Wnt1-Cre, is unsuitable for studying genetic function during NCC specification and formation. In summary, NR6A1 is essential for mammalian NCC development and may function during gastrulation as a bimodal switch modulating pluripotency-associated factors in the neuroepithelium, while concomitantly activating NCC specifiers and regulators of EMT.

Indexed as

Neural CrestNuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1AnimalsCell DifferentiationCell MovementCell SurvivalEmbryo, MammalianEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionFemaleGastrulationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMiceMice, KnockoutMice, TransgenicOctamer Transcription Factor-3Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1Octamer Transcription Factor-3

Identifiers

PMID41611698
PMCPMC12957460

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.