ArticlePediatric cardiology2026
Neighborhood Socioeconomic & Geographic Determinants of Prenatal Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis.
Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality. Disparities in access to fetal echocardiography persist across socioeconomic status, rurality, insurance, race, and ethnicity. To assess whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic and environmental factors influence the likelihood of receiving a prenatal echocardiogram among infants with CHD in Western Pennsylvania. Retrospective, single-center cohort study (2010-2024) of mother-infant dyads where infants had CHD requiring surgical or catheter intervention within 6 months after birth. Exclusions included only minor anomalies, inability to link dyads, intervention after 6 months, or missing neighborhood data. Maternal variables included demographics, diabetes status, insurance type, and neighborhood-level characteristics (Area Deprivation Index, Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes, Walk Score). The primary outcome was receipt of a prenatal echocardiogram within 6 months before delivery. Among 1,092 dyads, 545 (49.9%) received a prenatal echocardiogram. In unadjusted analysis, those who received a prenatal echocardiogram were more likely to live in highly-deprived neighborhoods (38.7% vs. 28.7%), have Black mothers (15.8% vs. 8.2%), and have mothers with diabetes (9.7% vs. 3.9%). After adjusting for maternal diabetes, neighborhood deprivation was no longer significantly associated with receiving a prenatal echocardiogram. Maternal diabetes remained a strong independent predictor (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.29-5.20). Rurality, Walk Score, and insurance type were not associated with odds of receiving a prenatal echocardiogram. Maternal diabetes, rather than neighborhood factors, predicted prenatal echocardiogram receipt. Only half of significant CHD cases had a prenatal echocardiogram, highlighting room for improvement. Integrating clinical and neighborhood data can help distinguish true disparities from differences driven by clinical risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41609844What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.