ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2026
Synergistic Antifungal Effects of Honokiol and Fluconazole Against Oral Candida: Implications for Managing Drug-Resistant Infections.
Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Synergistic Antifungal Effects of Honokiol and Fluconazole Against Oral Candida: Implications for Managing Drug-Resistant Infections.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Article
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAntifungal drug resistance poses a major challenge in treating oral Candida infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Honokiol, alone and combined with Fluconazole, against oral Candida isolates, and to investigate its mechanism of action via ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition and cell wall disruption. MATERIAL AND
methodsSusceptibility testing was performed using CLSI (M27-A3) methodology on 16 oral Candida isolates, 8 endodontic isolates, and the reference strain ATCC 24433. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Honokiol and Fluconazole were determined alone and in combination. Ergosterol inhibitory assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess cell wall integrity and morphological changes.
resultsHonokiol exhibited MICs of 16-64 µg/mL (oral isolates), 16 µg/mL (endodontic isolates), and 32 µg/mL (ATCC 24433). In combination with Fluconazole, Honokiol's MICs decreased 4-fold (4-16 µg/mL), while Fluconazole's MICs dropped 2- to 4-fold (1-32 µg/mL). Synergy was confirmed by a 95.61% reduction in fungal growth (OD600) compared to controls. SEM revealed severe cell wall distortion, rupture, and cytoplasmic leakage. Honokiol significantly inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis, disrupting cellular integrity.
conclusionHonokiol demonstrates potent antifungal activity against oral Candida isolates by targeting ergosterol biosynthesis and compromising cell wall integrity. Its synergistic enhancement of Fluconazole's effect suggests clinical potential as an adjunct therapy, potentially reducing resistance and lowering required drug doses in oral and endodontic candidiasis.
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