Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41608907›Full record

ArticleEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2026

Something is not nothing: Hair-tested substance use and cognitive functions in a large community sample of young adults.

Lukas Eggenberger, Clarissa Janousch, Lydia Johnson-Ferguson, Markus R Baumgartner, Tina M Binz, Denis Ribeaud, Manuel Eisner, Lilly Shanahan, Boris B Quednow

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lukas EggenbergerExperimental Pharmacopsychology and Psychological Addiction Research, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3826-723X
Clarissa JanouschExperimental Pharmacopsychology and Psychological Addiction Research, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4160-9758
Lydia Johnson-FergusonExperimental Pharmacopsychology and Psychological Addiction Research, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3717-1332
Markus R BaumgartnerForensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0979-931X
Tina M BinzForensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6783-1202
Denis RibeaudJacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1668-8319
Manuel EisnerJacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5436-9282
Lilly ShanahanJacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4534-6924
Boris B QuednowExperimental Pharmacopsychology and Psychological Addiction Research, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7933-2865

Funding

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 105314_214979Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 10531C_189008Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 10F114_170402Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 10FI14_198052
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSubstance use has consistently been linked with cognitive impairments. However, most previous studies have focused on highly selective samples of individuals with chronic substance use disorders and have typically relied solely on self-reports. The associations between recreational use patterns of single or multiple substances and cognitive functioning in representative samples remain unclear.

methodsWe measured over 100 substances and their metabolites over the past 3 months in 850 young adults (48.6% female,

resultsIn their hair samples, 386 (45.5%) participants tested positive for at least one psychotropic substance other than alcohol and nicotine. Higher hair concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Cohen's

conclusionsIn this community sample of young adults, substance use was highly prevalent and associated with reduced cognitive performance, with small-to-moderate effect sizes. Cognitive consequences of recreational substance use may have been previously underestimated.

Indexed as

CognitionHairSubstance-Related DisordersAdultAttentionFemaleHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsYoung Adultaddictionecstasyhair toxicologyneuropsychologystimulantssubstance use disorder

Identifiers

PMID41608907
PMCPMC12925671

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.